International Journal of
Architectural Engineering & Urban Planning
Fri, Jun 19, 2026
[Archive]
1- Department of Architecture, ST.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Architecture, ST.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ,n_nikghadam@iau.ir
2- Department of Architecture, ST.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ,
Abstract:
Climate change and rising temperatures in many regions have made thermal comfort and energy management in buildings a fundamental challenge. Optimizing environmental conditions requires intelligent design and accurate tools. Atrium placements in two Iranian cities, Yazd and Tabriz, are studied for thermal comfort. Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfaction (PPD) indicators are used, along with solar radiation and climate data. Results reveal clear patterns regarding seasonal performance, comfort optimization, and energy efficiency. Solar radiation utilization and a climate-adapted atrium design enhance thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption. Honeybee and Ladybug plugins were used for Grasshopper modeling. Thermal comfort, energy consumption, and daylighting can be analyzed parametrically, facilitating accurate comfort simulations. Yazd's hot and dry climate results in extreme temperatures, particularly in summer and winter. Atriums with high PMV values (2.34–2.50) in summer suggest reduced comfort. Among the types, 5 and 8 have a PMV of 2.34. During winter, negative PMV values (-3.48 to -3.63) indicate cold conditions, with Type 5 offering more comfort. The PMV value for Types 5, 8, and 3 is near zero during moderate seasons (spring and autumn). Solar radiation plays a key role in passive heating and energy efficiency; southern-oriented atriums (Type 8) maximize solar gain during winter. In Tabriz, most PMV values fall outside the comfort range, and only the Atrium Type 3 achieves comfort during autumn (between -0.5 and +0.5). As a passive atrium system receives maximum solar radiation in winter, Type 3 enhances natural heating and reduces energy consumption.
Type of Study: Research Paper |
Subject:
Architecture
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