International Journal of Architecture & Urban Planning

• The urban village approach can be used for combining both rural and urban values in future urban developments for improving the localism.
• Combining and integrating the urban village approach with democratic norms of urban design can help to develop the social and democratic features of the urban villages, besides the environmental issues.
• The combinatorial principles, such as diversity, public life, public participation, social justice and equity, naturism, accessibility, contextualism, vitality, flexibility, inclusiveness, and also their sub-principles are tested in a hypothetical wasteland, to prove the practical aspects.
 

• A survey on 100 citizens of Isfahan was conducted. 
• Many of historic and touristic buildings were the most distinctive elements in Isfahani citizens' point of view
• Physical and functional criteria affect the distinctiveness of these elements in the mental maps of the citizens and users.
• In order to create a landmark in cities, consideration of all factors such as situation, distinctive form and function as much as possible (more than one factor) will result in greater success legible cities.

• The findings showed that the researches conform to problems with regard to themes approximately 78 percent but the importance and preference of both themes and axial codes in researches differ from the existing problems which indicate the irrelevancy of some researches to concerning problems.
• The ambiguity in determining the needs and disregarding the local context as well as, the researches valuation based on global topics lead to the increase of researchers' enthusiasm to select the topics which are unrelated to Iranian urban context and encourage them to select the topics that are covered in the global urban communities.
• using social Media can help to determine the temporary urban problems. For they are one of the best resources in which the urban challenges as well as, the opportunities and threats faced by the city are discussed and reflected.  

• Defined urban design guideline improves the quality of public life in a historic urban area.
• The research defines criteria for evaluation an urban planning project regarding its impacts on public life. 
• The defined guideline gives the opportunity to use the local participation as a tool in improving the future urban plans. 

• KE process based on common available products that had been designed and used before, and the UCD process not necessarily needs available products or concepts.
• In KE, designers or researchers one time only meet end users and collect their perceptions, but in the most parts of UCD users are present.
• In this research continuation of KE to UCD helped designers and researchers to connect with end users more and more and maybe that high satisfactory could be the result of this connection. 
• In KE, researcher use a semantic differential based form to achieve user’s feelings but in UCD with some interviews, users use non-technical words to describe what they need or want. So it seems that KE findings are more valid.
• KE can be a kind of UCD but just with focus on perceptions and feelings when UCD focuses on needs and requirements.