دوره 1، شماره 1 - ( 1400 )
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Habibi A, Nikkar M, Shahali H. Climate-Responsive Vernacular Architecture: Environmental and Cultural Adaptation Strategies in the Historic City of Lar. IJAUP 2022; 1 (1)
URL: http://ijaup.iust.ac.ir/article-1-883-fa.html
URL: http://ijaup.iust.ac.ir/article-1-883-fa.html
Climate-Responsive Vernacular Architecture: Environmental and Cultural Adaptation Strategies in the Historic City of Lar. دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران. 1400; 1 (1)
چکیده:
This study examines climate-responsive form in the historic fabric of Lar (Fars, Iran) and clarifies how its vernacular differs from canonical hot-arid cases such as Yazd/Kashan. We adopt a mixed-methods, mechanism-centred approach: plans and field documentation were compiled for 30 dwellings (19 with an iwan, 11 without), iwan and courtyard attributes were coded, and findings were benchmarked against the Mahoney tables. An expert elicitation (n = 218, Cronbach’s α = 0.91) provided ranked environmental and cultural priorities to contextualise the spatial evidence.
Across the sample, Lar’s dwellings consistently express façade buffering, solar control and ventilation staging. Iwans are typically summer-oriented, often aligned with prevailing winds, span about half the façade, and have depth equal to or greater than the principal room, with one-way side access used more often than two-way. Openings on exposed fronts are small and recessed. At urban-fabric scale, narrow lanes and covered passages (sabat) sustain shaded, ventilated continuity. Courtyards are predominantly central or three-sided, with intermediate plot shares (~20–40%) and elongated proportions (~1/2–1/3) that deepen self-shade and channel breezes; walls and roofs are heavy earthen assemblies, sometimes complemented by basements for thermal damping. Expert rankings place temperature/sunlight as the leading environmental concern and historical/place-based practices as the leading cultural theme, aligning with the observed configurations. Distinctive features of Lar include its dense sabat network, short-wide wind-catchers, and water-organised urban grain. The paper translates these convergences into practice-ready rules for hot-arid design: compact courtyard planning with elongated courts; deep transitional iwans serving principal rooms; protected, recessed openings; shaded, narrow pedestrian ways; and heavy, time-lagging envelopes with adequate drainage. These lessons demonstrate how Lar’s vernacular can inform contemporary, culturally resonant low-energy architecture.
Across the sample, Lar’s dwellings consistently express façade buffering, solar control and ventilation staging. Iwans are typically summer-oriented, often aligned with prevailing winds, span about half the façade, and have depth equal to or greater than the principal room, with one-way side access used more often than two-way. Openings on exposed fronts are small and recessed. At urban-fabric scale, narrow lanes and covered passages (sabat) sustain shaded, ventilated continuity. Courtyards are predominantly central or three-sided, with intermediate plot shares (~20–40%) and elongated proportions (~1/2–1/3) that deepen self-shade and channel breezes; walls and roofs are heavy earthen assemblies, sometimes complemented by basements for thermal damping. Expert rankings place temperature/sunlight as the leading environmental concern and historical/place-based practices as the leading cultural theme, aligning with the observed configurations. Distinctive features of Lar include its dense sabat network, short-wide wind-catchers, and water-organised urban grain. The paper translates these convergences into practice-ready rules for hot-arid design: compact courtyard planning with elongated courts; deep transitional iwans serving principal rooms; protected, recessed openings; shaded, narrow pedestrian ways; and heavy, time-lagging envelopes with adequate drainage. These lessons demonstrate how Lar’s vernacular can inform contemporary, culturally resonant low-energy architecture.
نوع مطالعه: Research Paper |
موضوع مقاله:
Sustainable Architecture environment
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